Which type of research focuses on gathering initial knowledge on user needs?

Foundational research is specifically designed to gather initial knowledge about users' needs, behaviors, and motivations. This type of research is conducted early in the design process and often involves methods such as surveys, interviews, and observations. The aim is to develop a deeper understanding of the target audience, which helps inform design decisions and ideation. By identifying user needs from the outset, designers can create more effective and user-centered products.

In contrast, post-launch research focuses on evaluating the performance of a product after it has been launched, which is not concerned with gathering initial knowledge but rather assessing user experience and satisfaction. Design research encompasses a broader category that includes various research methods used throughout the design process, but it is not specifically limited to the initial phase. Evaluative research involves testing prototypes and designs for usability and effectiveness, which comes later in the design process after foundational understanding has already been established. Thus, foundational research is the correct focus for gathering initial knowledge about user needs.